Will Tv Succumb to the Internet - 948 Words

Will TV Succumb to the Internet? The Internet has transformed the music industry. Sales of CDs in retail music stores have been steadily declining while sales of songs downloaded through the Internet iPods and other portable music players are skyrocketing. Moreover, the music industry is still contending with millions of people illegally downloading songs for free. Will the television industry have a similar fate? Widespread use of high-speed Internet access, powerful PCs with high-resolution display screens, iPhones and other mobile handhelds, and leading-edge file-sharing services have made downloading of video content from movies and television shows faster and easier than ever. Free and often illegal downloads of some TV shows are†¦show more content†¦Television broadcast networks such as NBC Universal, Fox, and CNN have put television shows on their own Web sites. In march 2007, NBC Universal, News Corp (the owner of Fox Broadcasting), and ABC Inc. set up Hulu.com, a Web site offering streaming video of television shows and movies from NBC, Fox, ABC, Comedy Central, PBS, USA Network, Bravo, FX, Speed, Sundance, Oxygen, Onion News Network, and other networks. Hulu also syndicates its hosting to other sites, including AOL, MSN, Facebook, MySpace, Yahoo, and Fancast.com, and allows users to embed Hulu clips in their Web site. The site is free to viewers and supported by advertising commercials. CBS’s TV.com Case Study Article Trimester 49 7 Chapter 3: Kenneth C. Laudon Jane P. Laudon, Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2011 and Joost are other popular Web television sites. Content from all of these sites is viewable over iPhones. What if there are so many TV shows available for free on the Web that â€Å"Hulu households† cancel their cable subscriptions to watch free TV online? Cable service operators have begun worrying, especially when the cable networks posted some of their programming on the Web. In July 2009, cable TV operator Comcast Corporation began a trial program to bring some Time Warner network shows, including TBS’s My Boys and TNT’s The Closer to the Web. Other cableShow MoreRelatedWill Tv Succumb to the Internet?954 Words   |  4 PagesWill TV Succumb to the Internet? The Internet has transformed the music industry. Sales of CDs in retail music stores have been steadily declining while sales of songs downloaded through the Internet iPods and other portable music players are skyrocketing. Moreover, the music industry is still contending with millions of people illegally downloading songs for free. Will the television industry have a similar fate? Widespread use of high-speed Internet access, powerful PCs with high-resolution displayRead MoreTv vs. Internet1042 Words   |  5 PagesWill TV Succumb to the Internet? Case Study 1 John Doe 01/01/2010 Submitted in Partial Requirement for CIS-511-110 Managing Information Systems Important Case Facts Widespread use and ease of access to high-speed internet connections, powerful computers, and portable software devices have changed the way people obtain songs, videos, TV shows, and books. File-sharing and DVR service have increased the ease at which TV shows and music can be uploaded to the internetRead MoreShopping Is A Popular Pastime For Americans1761 Words   |  8 Pagesculture, businesses want them to buy their products and they know how to do it. Businesses constantly expose people to advertising in every form such as TV, Internet, magazines, and in public communities. Marketing strategies are developed, achieved through studies on shoppers, to entice customers to impulse shop. New technology such as TV and Internet shopping makes impulse shopping accessible right at our fingertips. It s easy to impulse shop due to the constant reminder of shopping and how it canRead MoreInformation System998 Words   |  4 Pagesand will be shaped by the organization’s structure, business processes, goals, culture, politics, and management. Information technology can reduce transaction and agency costs, and such changes have been accentuated in organizations using the Internet. New systems disrupt established patterns of work and power relationships, so there is often considerable resistance to them when they are introduced. 2. How does Porter’s competitive forces model help companies develop competitive strategies using Read MoreThe Psychological effect of Body Image on Adolescence882 Words   |  4 Pagesthem along with people of adulthood. Teenagers can see whether it is through phones, the internet or billboards the selling of items through sexual enticement. By being exposed to such publicities, the adolescents began to idealize the ways the models are portrayed which can lead to early sexual practices. From Berk’s text (2008) she explains that â€Å"On prime-Time TV shows, which adolescents watch more than other TV offerings, two-thirds of programs contain sexual content† (293). By watching these programsRead More The Ivory Coast Overview and Media Analysis Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagespaper that is funded by the ruling party, has the largest daily circulation. ? Television: Television service is provided by Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirenne, or RTI, which is state-run. There are no private TV stations, although rebel groups have gained the ability use state-owned TV facilities in certain areas for their own broadcasts. ? Radio: Radio is the Ivory Coast?s most popular medium for media. 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Therefore, editors, reporters, etcamp;#8230; decide what will go into the reports. Equally important, reporters are still human beings who, in spite their good intentions, occasionally succumb to anger, jealousy, anxiety, impatience and otherRead MoreEssay about A Lifelong Calling into the Orthodox Christian Church1011 Words   |  5 Pageshave noticed that public school offers a variety of activities such as sports and extra-curricular activities and it is easy for faith to be forgotten or simply put aside, along with medial and the social world around us like celebrities, tabloids, tv, Facebook and many other forms of social media. St. Paul teaches us that: You have been called to enjoy liberty, only do not let the liberty to be an Opportunity for the flesh: Instead serve One another through Love. Because the entire law is summonedRead MoreStaggering Revelations About Big Data1234 Words   |  5 PagesStaggering Revelations about Big Data According to the article, 2.8ZB of data has been created and replicated in 2012. The proliferation of devices such as PCs and smartphones worldwide, increased Internet access within emerging markets and the boost in data from machines such as surveillance cameras or smart meters has contributed to the doubling of the digital universe. IDC projects that the digital universe will reach 40 ZB by 2020, an amount that exceeds previous forecasts by 14%. Thus, data

Cause and Effects of Propaganda Essay - 1510 Words

NIcole Barts Mrs. Wilson 3B Effects of Propaganda. Throughout history you find that many techniques of propaganda have affected today’s society. Whether it affects it in a good way or a bad way, propaganda is efficacious and does influence the way we think and act. You probably aren’t aware of what sort of propaganda is circling its way around, but once you are, you’ll think â€Å"wow did I really fall for that†? Propaganda is â€Å"information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc† (Dictionary.Com). There are several techniques of propaganda. It can go to anywhere from a glittering generalities commercial with enough colors galore for you to actually purchase it,†¦show more content†¦You’ll find yourself doing that because propaganda plus a logos message behind it will make sense and be clear and it will be seem realistic at the time. A logos message will send your mind t he message â€Å"that’s a good reason to get that/ believe that†. Now knowing these three types of propaganda you are more aware of how to recognize propaganda and what it is classified as. How much can propaganda affect you and those around you? Looking at the three kinds of propaganda messages, you realize how easy it is for you and others to fall into a propaganda trap. A propagandist wants to do three things. One, they want to modify the content of our opinion, two, change most of society’s views, and three they want to destroy the moral of an enemy (259 Ellul). Sounds pretty evil right? If the finale of a propagandists â€Å"show† happens, it is thanks to society, the people who purchased the tickets to see that the moral enemy is destroyed. Not only will it affect the person being destroyed but it will affect us. Propaganda doesn’t simply leave an effect on ones thoughts it can adjust our attitude for life. â€Å"The way in which an individ ual reacts to a stimulus depends on the entire pattern of his attitudes...Therefore propaganda must base itself on existing tendencies to have the greatest effect (279 Ellul). Jacques Ellul endorses that a propagandist will do anything to change our attitude because our attitude is the wayShow MoreRelated Politics, Propaganda, and Hate Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics, Propaganda, and Hate Propaganda is very important issue in our society. The word propaganda however, has a very negative connotation. This may happen because people tend to associate it with the enormous campaigns that were waged by Hitler and Stalin, (Delwiche 2002). Now propaganda has a different face. It may not be as obvious as but it is used regurlarly by politicians, companies and others who are interested in influencing our behaviour. 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Essay978 Words   |  4 Pages Propaganda consists of the planned use of any form of public or mass-produced communication designed to affect the minds and emotions of a given group for a specific purpose, whether military, economic, or political (Levinson). Propaganda is used to gain the support of its viewers on an issue by either false or misleading information. In every war, from the First World War to the present day in Iraq, military propaganda has been used intensely. Military propaganda is the most effective typeRead MoreThe Power of Propaganda1258 Words   |  6 PagesThough it may come as a surprise, many of your opinions on matters originated by propaganda. Propaganda is a means to manipulate an audience in believing information they want their audience to believe. In an effort to bring about the awareness of propaganda, George Orwell in Politics and the English Language, Newman and Genevieve Birk in Selection, Slanting, and Charged Language, as well as D.W. Cross in Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled, explain the various ways in which a targeted audienceRead MoreWas the Treaty of Versailles the Major Cause of World War Two? 1148 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two was the most devastating conflict in the history of humanity. It crippled many nations and caused millions of people to die. One of the major causes of this disastrous war was the Treaty of Versailles which ended the First World War. This treaty was destructive towards the Germans. Germany had to pay large amounts of reparations to the Allied nations at the end of World War One resulting in a Great Depression in Germany. Additionally, the Treaty of Versailles’ war guilt clause forcedRead MoreEssay on The Functions of Stereotypes in Propaganda1220 Words   |  5 Pagesin Propaganda A leader with no followers is a guy taking a walk. Good leaders whether it be opinion or political, rarely if ever walk by themselves. The information theydisseminate more often than not leaves them with a hoard of followers that conform to their ideas or cause. The circulated information is known as propaganda. The Webster dictionary defines propaganda as, ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further ones cause or to damage an opposing cause. Propaganda hasRead MoreThe Rhetoric Of Hitler s Battle By Kenneth Burke1475 Words   |  6 PagesRhetoric, or the art of persuasion, is a conventional tool employed in propaganda to manipulate the public. In Propaganda by Edward Bernays, modern propaganda is defined as â€Å"a consistent, enduring effort to create or shape events to influence the relations of the public to an enterprise, idea or group.† Manipulation is a quintessential quality in modern democracy—allowing the â€Å"executive arm of the invisible g overnment† to control the public. For example, Hitler united a mass of people by reworkingRead MoreWilfred Owen Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Essay Wilfred Owen, through his poems, shows the harsh reality of human conflict and contrasts the portrayal of these conflicts with the reality. Owen purpose is to challenges our thoughts and perspectives on war to show its true effects and stop the glorification that it receives in society. This can be seen in his poem Dulce et Decorum Est as he causing us to question whether it really is sweet and decorous to die for ones country by showing the reality of war through his personal experiences

New Product Launch in Market Oxfam Shop

Question: Discuss about the New Product Launch in Market for Oxfam Shop. Answer: Introduction Oxfam Australia is a non-profit organization, which operates through various donations generated by numerous campaigning. Their functionalities include looking for the poor people through the organizational development programmes (Oxfamshop.org.au, 2017). Oxfam Shop is an owned subsidiary of Oxfam Australia, which takes care of marketing for all kinds of food and handcraft products. The marketing consultant of the Oxfam Shop has the responsibility to launch a solid proof strategy for their proposed Straw Hat in the market (Oxfamshop.org.au, 2017). Keeping the social consent of the Company intact, a group of marketing personals have teamed up together to launch Straw Hat in the market. The market launch of the product requires certain marketing processes, which helps in preparing the best way; a company can adopt before a market launch (Mullins, Walker and Boyd Jr 2012). Product Brief Straw Hat is best suitable to those places, which are extremely hotter regions (Mooradian, Matzler and Ring 2012). Moreover, it helps people in saving them from the sunstroke. Nevertheless, some are there who use these hats for the purpose of fashion, especially in the hotter region. Straw hats mainly constitute the straw like materials of different green plants. It is given a designing look, which could attract and please the soul of masses with its sheer charm (Baker 2014). Objective (SMART rule) Objective of the Oxfam Shop with the launch of Straw Hat is to attain some effective position in the market (Parente and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson 2014). Moreover, The Hat Store is the market giants in Australia for numerous kinds of hats. Further, the Company has an enormous experience behind their success in the market. With a span of 30 years, the Company is a serious challenge for the Oxfam Shop (Oxfamshop.org.au, 2017). It is not easy to compete with the Hat Store in the market. However, a substantial mark is measurable for the Oxfam Shop as they are expertise in the market with other kinds of product (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). Moreover, the experience of handling the market, which the Company has, can work wonder in their favour. The marketing consultant is eyeing around 15-20% of market shares for their first quarter. However, to achieve 15-20% of market shares require some serious effort from the management as this would rely solely on the uniqueness of the product (Dawar 2013). To establish a unique impression and achieve some customer base would require a huge investment from the Oxfam Shop. The Hat Store is offering thousands of varieties to match the requirement of all the classes of consumer. To produce a bulk range of Straw Hat for different segment of customers would require a huge investment, which would rather put additional pressure on the Oxfam Australia (Hall 2013). Oxfam Shops at present have 100,000 manufacturer associates around the globe. The Company always pay half of their payments to the manufacturers in advance. These figures speak about the potential, which the Oxfam Shop has to their credit. A large number of manufacturing partners are capable of producing a huge production of hats. However, involving such a large number of producers from around the world in the project might attract a huge additional expense on the transportation. Running all the operations successfully is the utmost threat for the Oxfam Shop with this new product launch in the market (Oxfamshop.org.au, 2017). The time span would be around one year to achieve the set objective (Hall 2013). A homogenous operation is the first requirement and once this is achieved, flourishing of the concept would be comparatively easier in the market. Moreover, initial few months are important for a smooth operation of all the shipment of manufactured products. Environmental Analysis An internal benchmarking model is best suitable for a new product launch by the Oxfam Shop. As per the internal benchmark model, the first step is to build up a plan based on analysis of an earlier management operation of the Company (Rolstadas 2012). The Oxfam Australia is engaged in several industries such as clothing, foods drinks, books, home decor and many more. The Company uses various processes to conduct its operations such as doing campaigning, business partnerships, asking for fundraise and many more. Business partners have played an important role in excelling the Companys objectives to support the disadvantaged people. Deloitte, Thankyou Group and many more are the business partners of Oxfam Shop, which have supported the Company immensely. JB HI-FI, Studio Thick, Powershop, good2give are those companies, which are supporting the Oxfam Shop through donations. Melbourne International Comedy Festival is the official charity partner of the Oxfam Shop for the last 21 years. However, the Company faced certain criticism for its funding. In the year 2008, a report cri ticized the Company by stating the fact that the Company fundamentally misguided the funding process. It also stated that Oxfam did not justice on the financial side of the joint deal negotiations. Mode of functionalities of the Company such as fund raising, donation, business partnerships are though technically sound but did face some serious challenge from its competitors in respective product. For an example, the losing battle of the Company from the hand of Aldi is just a mere reflection of the faultiness in its management. However, the Oxfam Australia has flexibility as they responded to the situation and quickly made an announcement of offering certain discounts in its products. Moreover, the step was to fill the gap created by the failure work of the Company in the market (Oxfamshop.org.au, 2017). Certain flaws in the management as reflected from the example of the clothing industry and the expected competition from the leader of the Straw Hat industry have provided sufficient information and findings. Moreover, these information and findings do indicate a way out of the situation. The best way, which could prevent any further loss to the new product launch, would be to go for a limited expansion of the product (Rolstadas 2012). Products would be first launched for the online sale to grab a hold of its target customers of hotter regions in Australia. This would help in analysing the responses, which the product has fetched and would prevent any unwanted loss it goes through a huge launch of the product. The negative results if that happens would have resulted in a heavy loss to the huge investment. Nevertheless, considering a big threat from The Hat Store and the probable of losing a huge investment, it would be wiser to go for a limited launch of the product for an online sal e (Oxfamshop.org.au, 2017). Segmentation is one of the most important parts of a market plan as it helps in determining the correct set of customers (Huang and Sarigll 2014). The targeted segment of the market would be the people living in hotter region. Some uses the hats just for doing fashion however; some are there who use hats to save their head from the sunlight. The perfect target segment for the launch of Straw Hat would be the people living in Sydney, Canberra and many more as these are the hotter regions in Australia. Targeting Targeting is another very important part of a marketing plan, which helps in figuring the correct set of customers comprising of various age categories (Chaffey and Ellis-Chadwick 2012). Target customers for the product would be the people falling under the age category of 15-65 years. These are the age groups, which used to have outings for respective reasons such as colleges, companies, visiting to locales and many more. Positioning Positioning is another decisive character of a market plan, which helps in avoiding the wastages of products by setting perfect position for the launch (Khan 2014). Positioning would be in accordance to the customer responses for various kinds of hats offerings from different competitors (Helm and Gritsch 2014). Following the footsteps of leader companies in Straw Hat industry, is significantly helpful in positioning the sector for the product. Straw Hat would be first launched for an online sale. A continuous observation on the online sale would encourage for different modes of positioning of the product in the market. A thousand unit sales of different types of Straw Hat within one month of its launch would then encourage the Company to go for retailing and wholesaling of the product across various circuits. Marketing Mix Product Finalising the product before the market launch is the first thing, which gives a platform to the market plan strategies (Brooks and Simkin 2012). Nevertheless, it involves numerous processing and analysis of the market regarding the sustenance of the product. Product would be Straw Hat for the Oxfam Shop as it has immense popularity among people in hotter parts of world. People are using Straw Hat for the purpose of both fashion and health. Straw Hat can effectively save one from the sunstroke of the sunlight. Price Pricing is another very important aspect of a marketing plan, which is decisive in penetrating through the market (Barrett and Weinstein 2015). Pricing require certain researches on the market trends regarding the product. There are various influencing factors to the pricing of a product such as market demand, competitors pricing and many more (Yeu et al. 2012). Going by the market trend, Price range would be from AU$9 to AU$102. To compete with the Hat Store, which has already proved their dominion in the market, is not an easy task. The pricing might not produce a healthy profit margin to the Oxfam Shop. However, after the passage of a significant duration in the market, there would be a considerable rise in the pricing. Place Place is another very important domain for a market plan, which depends on the target customer (Anitsal, Girard and Anitsal 2012). The target customers for the Straw hat are those who belong to the hotter part of Australia such as Sydney, Canberra and many more. In the hotter region, there is an utmost requirement of protection from the sunlight during the daytime. However, hats alone cannot guarantee of doing all wonder in favour of saving from the sunlight. It indeed plays an important role in protecting head from the direct contact of the sunlight, which is very important for the fact that a direct exposure of head to the sunlight might cause head stroke. All kinds of straw Hat such as Rusty Sea, Collage, Floppy and many more are best suitable for the target place. For fashion purpose, the designed Straw Hat is best suitable whereas for normal life use, the simple Straw Hat made of plant materials is effective. Promotion Promotion is one of the most influential parts of a product launch in the market, which may include various ways of promoting the product (Pour, Nazari and Emami 2013). However, for the product launch of Oxfam Shop, the online mode is best suitable as this is comparatively cost saving. Moreover, to reduce the risk of any unwanted losses, it is very important to choose a cost-effective way to promote the product. The online modes of promoting the product can help in reaching to a mass people at just one go. The only requirement for this kind of promotion is publishing an attractive advertisement on the existing website of the Company. Moreover, it just requires some effort from the team of web designers. Conclusion The launch of Straw Hat is a new concept for the Company Oxfam shop in Australia. Moreover, it requires some solid marketing plan for the project, which could help in succeeding the desired goal. The biggest challenge in front of the Company is its earlier flaws in management operations and The Hat Store, which is the leading company in this segment of market in Australia. However, the analysis, which the Oxfam Shop has made on its earlier industrial operations and the calculative measures of the market have the potential to foothold the position of the Company in the market. The pricing are comparatively cheaper, which has the potential to leave a strong impact on the market. The Hat Store being the leader in the market for last few years might reduce their pricing even below than the Oxfam offerings to acquire a competitive edge on the rising force. Moreover, it would make life tougher for the Oxfam as being flexible with pricing is not an easy task at the very beginning of the mar ket launch of the product. References Adolfsson?Erici, M., kerman, G. and McLachlan, M.S., 2012. Measuring bioconcentration factors in fish using exposure to multiple chemicals and internal benchmarking to correct for growth dilution.Environmental toxicology and chemistry,31(8), pp.1853-1860. Anitsal, I., Girard, T. and Anitsal, M.M., 2012. An Application of Services Marketing Mix Framework: How do Retailers Communicate Information on Their Sales Receipts?,.Business Studies Journal,4(2), pp.77-90. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Barrett, H. and Weinstein, A., 2015. Corporate entrepreneurship, the marketing mix, and business performance. In Proceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 144-150). Springer International Publishing. Brooks, N. and Simkin, L., 2012. Judging marketing mix effectiveness.Marketing Intelligence Planning,30(5), pp.494-514. Chaffey, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2012.Digital marketing. Pearson Higher Ed. Dawar, N., 2013. When marketing is strategy.Harvard business review,91(12), pp.100-108. Goi, C.L., 2015. Marketing Mix: A review of'P'.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2005. Hall, R., 2013.Brilliant Marketing: What the best marketers know, do and say. Pearson UK. Helm, R. and Gritsch, S., 2014. Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets.International Business Review,23(2), pp.418-428. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Khan, M.T., 2014. The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), p.95. Mooradian, T.A., Matzler, K. and Ring, L.J., 2012.Strategic marketing. Pearson Prentice Hall. Mullins, J., Walker, O.C. and Boyd Jr, H.W., 2012.Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Oxfamshop.org.au. (2017). Ethical Gifts Online - Fair Trade Products Organic Gifts Australia | Oxfam Shop. [online] Available at: https://www.oxfamshop.org.au/ [Accessed 22 Jan. 2017]. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Pour, B.S., Nazari, K. and Emami, M., 2013. The effect of marketing mix in attracting customers: Case study of Saderat Bank in Kermanshah Province.African Journal of Business Management,7(34), p.3272. Rolstadas, A. ed., 2012.Performance management: A business process benchmarking approach. Springer Science Business Media. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Yeu, C.S., Leong, K.C., Tong, L.C., Hang, S., Tang, Y., Bashawir, A. and Subhan, M., 2012. A comparative study on international marketing mix in China and India: The case of McDonald's.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,65, pp.1054-1059.

Mandrake Dolls free essay sample

Identity is a theme expressed frequently in the various parts of the book. Not only that but the way the book Mandragora portrays the theme of identity is the most pivotal part of the novel and this essay. The first way the novel portrays the theme of identity is through the mandrake dolls. The evil, possessed dolls, go on an evil tear and through that takes the victims identity. The fact is that if your identity is taken, you can’t control yourself anymore. This is seen when Tam Dubh takes control of Adam various times throughout the novel.In contrast the other possessed mandrake dolls take the identity of Mike and Richard, telling them do their dirty deeds for them. They then convince Mike and Richard to commit suicide, showing that if your identity is taken, you are basically hopeless and useless. The second example of how identity is portrayed is when Adam and Catriona start seeing each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Mandrake Dolls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They learn a lot not only about each other but also about themselves, and their own identity. Adam learns things about Catriona like her personalities and the fact that she once had the guts to go skinny-dipping.He also learns more about himself, through the fact that he is now more confident as a person and also more informed about himself. The final thing that portrays the theme of identity is the way Adam and Catriona goes and looks back on a diary written a hundred year ago, and translates it to something they can understand. They learn and understand more their own unique identity. It is Adam who, after seeing the visions set up by Tam Dubh, realises how similar Margaret and Catriona really are- in both appearance and personality.This is through looking at the diary and also through the spiritual help of Tam Dubh. Catriona finds out about her family tree from letters from the past and Adam Colquhoun’s Bible. Using these she also finds a deeper sense of identity in Adam’s family and her own. She and her mother Barbara are both quite shocked when they find out that they are actually related to Margaret Colquhoun, and both of them cry when they find out how sad the deaths of Margaret and Jamie were.This shows that they have a strong sense of their identity and really care about the sense that they are related to a ‘famous’ ancestor. To conclude, it is through he supernatural atmosphere, created through the dolls and diary entries that they hint at the theme of identity. The mandrake dolls take and control identity, while the diary entries, morph and add to our identities. Both these techniques are incorporated into the novel really well and express the theme of identity in a flowing and integrated manner

The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet

The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet The peak of love between Romeo and Juliet leads to hatred and non-acceptable amongst the behavior of opposite forces. The force from the parents of Julietto marry with Paris, betrayal of Nurse and the delusion of Friar Lawrence are the factorswhich resulted in the death of Romeo and Juliet. Primarily, the obstacle that Juliet had toface was the compression to marry with Paris and the inappropriate behavior fromparents. The Capulet 's attitude towards Juliet was strict and biased which leads anegative impression on Juliet and the pressure to marry with County Paris made hercried. When Juliet refused to marry Paris, Capulet replied, " Hang thee, young baggage,disobedient wretch! I tell thee what I get thee to church a' Thursday or never after lookme in the face" (3,5,160-162), which describes that how much Capulet insulted her andmade her to marry Paris that resulted to take Juliet her own life.Romeo and Juliet, Act I-Scene_3. Lady Capulet and ...You not only have a feeling of pity for the separated lovers, but for their whole community that also suffered from the family's pointless feud. The second part of this theme is focused on the fear at how devastating two family's hostility can be. Not only were Romeo and Juliet's lives ruined, the entire community felt a loss over the many deaths and shame for their foolishness.Romeo and Juliet matches multiple criteria for a tragic plot set by the philosophers Bradley and Aristotle. The first criterion is met since the plot is a result of the main character's actions. The main character in this play, Romeo, causes many of the events that affect the plot's unfolding in the way that it does. In the beginning acts, Romeo's sorrow over Rosoline gives Benvolio reason to take him to the party where he falls aimlessly...

Los Dreamers y su situación migratoria especial

Los Dreamers y su situacià ³n migratoria especial Uno de los asuntos ms debatidos en materia migratoria es el futuro de los muchachos  denominados Dreamers o soà ±adores. Pero,  ¿quià ©nes son estos jà ³venes y quà © derechos migratorios tienen y cules son los proyectos de ley? Adems, se explica cules son los efectos y las fechas a tener en cuenta con la decisià ³n del presidente Trump de poner fin al programa DACA y cules son las bases de la demanda presentada por 15 estados para paralizar en corte la decisià ³n del gobierno federal. Situacià ³n legal actual El 5 de septiembre de 2017 el Fiscal General de los Estados Unidos, el seà ±or Jeff Sessions, ha anunciado el fin del programa conocido como Accià ³n Diferida o DACA que protegà ­a a los Dreamers frente a la Deportacià ³n y les reconocà ­a la posibilidad de sacar un permiso de trabajo renovable cada 2 aà ±os. Esta proteccià ³n fue creada por orden ejecutiva del presidente Barack Obama en 2012 y que en 5 aà ±os protegià ³ a ms de 800 mil jà ³venes de la deportacià ³n, adems de permitirles otros alivios. El anuncio del seà ±or Sessions NO supone el fin inmediato de DACA, sino que: El programa finalizar con fecha de 5 de marzo de 2018. Mientras tanto, los permisos de trabajo siguen vlidos y los Dreamers con Accià ³n Diferida aprobada estn protegidos frente a posible deportacià ³n.Desde ya NO se admiten solicitudes nuevas para acogerse a este programaSi se tiene  DACA aprobada  y  expira antes del 5 de marzo del 2018 o ese dà ­a, entonces se puede pedir una renovacià ³n, aunque hacerlo antes del 5 de octubre de 2017.Los permisos de trabajo y la proteccià ³n frente a la deportacià ³n otorgada por la accià ³n diferida, todo parece indicar, irn venciendo en la fecha prevista en cada caso. Por ejemplo, si vence con fecha del 6 de julio de 2019, es vlida mientras no llegue ese dà ­a.  Si se tiene aprobado con fecha anterior al 5 de septiembre de 2017 un permiso de advance parole para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos, entonces se puede viajar. Sin embargo, como este es un asunto muy delicado, se recomienda consultarlo con un abogado o con una organiz acià ³n de apoyo a Dreamers y en caso de duda, no viajar. Si se presentà ³ la solicitud para el advance parole pero todavà ­a no hay respuesta, el USCIS  no lo tramitar pero sà ­ regresar el importe pagado en concepto de cuota.A partir del 5 de septiembre del 2017 no se pueden presentar solicitudes nuevas de advance parole para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. En principio  llegado el 5 de marzo  de 2018 los Dreamers podrà ­an  haber comenzado a ser deportados y sus permisos de trabajos dejarà ­an de ser vlidos en las fechas en ellos consignadas. Sin embargo, eso se ha paralizado por orden de una sentencia judicial. Por ahora, los Dreamers que han tenido la accià ³n diferida aprobada pueden seguir solicitando su renovacià ³n. Sin embargo, no pueden salir de Estados Unidos, ni siquiera con advance parole, ni se pueden pedir acciones diferidas nuevas. Demanda de los estados en contra de la decisià ³n de finalizar DACA 15  estados y el Distrito de Columbia  se han sumado para presentar una  demanda  en contra del gobierno federal por la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar el programa DACA. La demanda, que ha sido presentada en el Distrito Eastern  del estado de Nueva York, est liderada por el fiscal general de ese estado y la de Massachusetts. Adems, se han unido los de Carolina del Norte, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa,  Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oregà ³n, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington y el Distrito de Columbia. Los estados argumentan que la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar DACA tiene 4 problemas desde el punto de vista legal. Por una parte,  violarà ­a en dos ocasiones la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo. Adems, por otra parte violarà ­a 2 tipos de protecciones otorgadas por la Constitucià ³n: al  debido  proceso y a la igualdad ante la ley.   Este à ºltimo punto se basa en que la decisià ³n de Trump tiene por objeto perjudicar a un grupo de personas por razones de su origen, ya que cuatro de cada cinco muchachos beneficiados por DACA son  mexicanos o centroamericanos. Se espera una ardua batalla legal en Corte. Propuesta de ley en el Senado Segà ºn el proyecto de ley liderado por los senadores Graham (republicano de Carolina del Sur) y Durbin (demà ³crata de Illinois) los Dreamers podrà ­a sacar la green card si cumplen una serie de requisitos, como por ejemplo, llevar 4 aà ±os o ms en Estados Unidos, haber llegado antes de cumplir los 17aà ±os de edad, tener un rà ©cord limpio, pasar un examen de inglà ©s, haber obtenido el tà ­tulo de high school o equivalente y haber trabajado por 3 aà ±os. Por ahora esto es solo un proyecto de ley y para convertirse en ley tendrà ­a que ser aprobado en la Cmara de Representantes y en el Senado. Esta iniciativa se presentà ³ poco despuà ©s de que el congresista  congresista Luis Gutià ©rrez, tras reunirse con otros miembros del causus Hispano con el Secretario de Seguridad Interna el seà ±or John Kelly, afirmase que tanto los Dreamers como los beneficiarios de los que se conoce como TPS deben prepararse para lo peor. El congresista Gutià ©rrez apuntà ³Ã‚  a la posibilidad real de que tanto el programa DACA para Dreamers como el TPS puedan finalizar, dando paso a deportaciones masivas. Quià ©nes son los muchachos conocidos como Dreamer y en quà © consiste DACA Los Dreamers son aproximadamente 2.1 millones de indocumentados que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os.   Aproximadamente 800  mil  Dreamers se han beneficiado de la accià ³n diferida ordenada el 15 de junio de 2012 por el presidente Obama. Los que tienen este beneficio aprobado: No son  deportadospueden solicitar permiso de trabajo por dos aà ±os, renovable.pueden pedir un Nà ºmero del Seguro Socialpueden sacar la licencia de manejar Para poder acogerse a este beneficio de la accià ³n diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) hay que cumplir con una serie de requisitos de edad, estancia en Estados Unidos, estudios o servicio en el Ejà ©rcito y no tener rà ©cord penal. Cada dos aà ±os deben renovar DACA para conservar sus beneficios. Asesorà ­a migratoria Estas 13 organizaciones para asesorarse sobre todos los temas que tienen que ver con DACA. Tambià ©n destacar, entre muchas, 2 pginas webs que conviene seguir como como son My Undocumented Live y United We Dream ya que siempre estn a lo à ºltimo en este asunto. Esta à ºltima organizacià ³n es tambià ©n muy combativa defendiendo los derechos de los Dreamers. Otro telà ©fono interesante para buscar asesoramiento es el de la Hispanic Federation, que aunque est basada en Nueva York puede proporcionar ayuda y/o buenas referencias en otros estados. El telà ©fono es el 866-432-9832. Asimismo, y dado el clima actual de incertidumbre, lo ms aconsejable es asesorarse con abogados competentes o asociacià ³n de apoyo a migrantes, particularmente a Dreamers, sobre si existe alguna posibilidad real de regularizacià ³n de la situacià ³n.  Los  caminos para la legalizacià ³n  no son muchos, pero en algunos casos es posible.   Al mismo tiempo es fundamental no caer và ­ctima de fraude por parte de personas sin escrà ºpulos que pueden aprovecharse de la desesperacià ³n de las personas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Microbiology-microorganism identification Assignment

Microbiology-microorganism identification - Assignment Example From the diagnostic table, only four bacterial species are expected to test positive using Gram stain, namely Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The Gram stain test thus allows the analyst to reduce the number of possible bacterial species that need to be ruled out during the identification assay. Another characteristic that facilitates our species identification was associated with the positive results obtained from the methyl red (MR) test. The observation of a bright red color was instrumental in narrowing down our candidates species to two bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus faecalis. The generation of negative results from the Gelatin Hydrolysis, Voges-Proskauer (VP) and Nitrate Production tests also assisted in the identification of bacterial species. No, not all the observed characteristics agreed with those indicated in Bergey’s Manual. The cell arrangement of our organism was observed to be in single pairs or short chains, while the manual described that the bacteria were generally found in clusters. In addition, a positive result was observed in the citrate utilization test, when the manual indicated that our bacterial species generally results in a positive reaction. Unfortunately, the catalase and oxidase tests were not performed due to lack of time. The microbiological assay involves the reaction of the catalase enzyme, as it disrupts hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the production of water, as well as oxygen. Catalase is considered as a very common protein enzyme that is present in almost of organisms and is regarded by microbiologists as a very useful enzyme that helps in the identification of specific bacterial species (Maehly and Chance, 1954). It is also possible to identify the bacterial species through its requirement for oxygen. It should be understood that both oxidation and

Advice for claim for financial relief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advice for claim for financial relief - Essay Example In this context of transferring assets to other person, the shared property may include lands and buildings which can be considered as one of the most usual subjects of the order. However, in various cases it can also observed that the financial investments are further included within the transferring process1. Based on this context, the report intends to develop a financial claim which provides an equal distribution of properties including houses and investments of a married couple, Megan and Hugh. Therefore, the discussion of the report will focus towards developing the financial claim which will be incorporated necessary elements including law, property claiming act along with other major concerns. Case Overview According to the case, it can be observed that Megan and Hugh agreed to mutually separate from each other due to personal conflicts based on adultery issues. As noted by Megan, it can be observed that she wants divorce from Hugh on the grounds of adultery allegations, afte r discovering that Hugh has been engaged in an affair for a year with one of her friends. It has been since then that the duo had been conflicting upon sharing the property and other savings and investments including, land and houses and other assets. In this context, Megan wanted to be separated from Hugh and proceed to split the property with an equal distribution among both. In relation to sharing the properties, Hugh has however refused to share investments and pensions to Megan. Although Hugh has agreed to pay child maintenance charged allowing the children to stay with their mother, he has confirmed to be unwilling to pay the maintenance amount for Megan affirming that she should be working as she had already planned after the birth of their first child when resigning from her last job. Legal Concerns In the context of the policy constitute in the UK family law act, a person can make legal application to the Court for orders in order to mitigate issues concerning financial fac tors including division of property and assets, valuation of houses and buildings along with other investment, pension as well as maintenance related issues. From the perspective of the case of Megan and Hugh, the particular application can be identified to be associated with divorce proceedings which are generally considered as Ancillary Relief (AR) Proceedings2. In the context of divorce or property separation, assets owned by the spouses can be defined as the matrimonial assets which are separated in an effective way in order to signify a fair judgement for both the parties benefitting the duo equally. With this concern, the court can enforce an order if the spouses are observed to be unable to make any agreement for their AR Proceedings. The considerable factors that shall be undertaken by the court can be identified in terms of marriage duration, age of the spouses, financial resources of each individual along with their income levels and future probable obligations3. It is in this context that needs concerning the custody of any children is also referred as a considerable factor for the court to render judgement in the case of AR proceedings between the spouses4. Recommendations According to the legal guidelines of the UK family law, either wife or husband can legally apply for AR Proceedings which can be formed to commence divorce agreement among the duo. In general, a hearing process considering all types of claims and applications are to be followed by both the parties, at the same time by the court as well. With this regard, it becomes an important and preferable

Multicultural Britain Essay Example for Free

Multicultural Britain Essay My task is to explain why people chose to immigrate to Britain, with reference to the period 1880 to the present day. Britain has been Multicultural for hundreds of years. There are the diverse cultures and languages of the people of Scotland, Wales, Ireland and England. Britains links with the commonwealth countries of the Caribbean, Anglophone Africa, Cyprus, Australia, New Zealand and the Indian subcontinent were established through trade and subsequent conquest and colonization. Around five per cent of Britains present population are from ethnic minorities. Multicultural can be a controversial term, associated with various ideas about racial and cultural identities, cultural, diversity and difference, and policies and practices in schools and local government authorities. Since ancient times people have been moving to Britain and settling there. These immigrants have all made a change to Britain as a whole. There are many reasons for immigration, some of which being wars, famine, draught, economic changes, lack of facilities, religious restraints, prejudice, discrimination or even as refugees. Since the seventeenth century Jews had lived in Britain and had soon become a vital part of British life, including the social, political and economic life of Britain. Throughout the nineteenth century a minority of Jews continued to migrate to Britain, with many Jews even being born there. However after the welcoming of 1880, the minority of Jews already living there (Anglo-Jewish) experienced a sudden flood of Jews into Britain. In 1881 the Russian Jews were held responsible for the assassination of Tsar Alexander II. Many Jews now became certain that it was time to leave and start a new life in a Western country. Many moved to Britain knowingly there was already a secure successful community of Jews there. The Jewish immigrants were condemned by some English Jews whilst others welcomed them with open arms. On the other hand the English people blamed the Jews for the overcrowding in Britain and also for making it difficult to look for jobs and work. The Jews settled in the large cities of London, Leeds and Manchester. These cities had a large population of Jews who were hoped to be supported by the Russian Jews, there was also a great opportunity of work here. However the Jews had to live in the poorer, overcrowding areas of these cities. Despite the overcrowding and poor living conditions, the house rent was high due to the shortage of housing. The rent along with lack of jobs and living conditions were all causes of racism and injustice against the Jews. However most Jews lived in the poorer areas, as this was all they could afford. Some wealthy Jews took action and built blocks of flats. Due to the immigration of the Jews, before 1881 British inhabitants expanded at a rate of 4% per year, after 1881 the population increased 10% every year. However the Jews that had come all settled in the East end, thus making this area concentrated with the number of Jews. This worried some of the Anglo-Jewish community for many reasons. It made the Jews very visible; the Jewish people already living in England were disturbed regarding the influence that so many Jews would have on the good interaction built up by the Jews already living in England with the English people. The Jews were already very different in their traditions, etiquettes and political affairs than that of the British Jews. Soon the Jews became news. The type of work the Jews chose to do in tailoring and footwear they chose to do it with Jews who could speak Yiddish (a Jewish language), and who understood their religious needs. The work they chose relied on their existing skills or involved skills that could be learned quickly and had a number of simple recurring procedures. All the work could be done in small grounds, such as houses, cellars e.t.c. The work was done by a small number of people. The situation in such work areas was objectionable. Work hours could also be varied according to the religious calendar. The Jews entered England at a time of rising redundancy and therefore were held responsible by the legislator of challenging with the English taking into account the few jobs which were obtainable. The idea of the immigrant Jews and sweating (the practice of overworking and underpaying workers in cramped, ill-lit and unhealthy conditions), became associated in the minds of many English people. The people of England had many views of the Jews. A negative impression of the Jewish immigrants is that they caused overcrowding, working in unhygienic conditions and breathing an atmosphere of wool particles containing dangerous dyes. The flush was also so outlandish to the laypeople that they had not yet learnt how to pull the chain so as to wash out and clear the toilet. However a positive impression is gained by other inhabitants that they soon became successful and praised them of their intelligence. Most British people commiserated with the Jews but because of the numbers and celebrity of Russian Jewish immigrants, the attitude of people to the Jewish immigrants began to revolutionize. The alien question, soon became the subject in the British politics. The Alien question was of three parts being that some individuals sensed that a law was essential to determine who could colonize in Britain, The aliens became a factor to the sweating matter, and some also reasoned that it was the aliens who pushed up the rents of houses. Soon later a pressure group, the British Brothers league was structured, which was to confine alien immigrants. With all these pressures the Conservative Government allotted a Royal Commission on Alien immigration. A new law was soon primed on the Royal Commissions work. The Bill of 1904 would eliminate as undesirable, persons of extremely bad character, or without perceptible means of support or likely to become a public charge. However the shipping companies who transported the immigrants also promoted the Government to gain their support and the liberals also strongly opposed this bill being passed. Due to such opposition the bill was withdrawn. However the Conservatives that the new law would promote voters especially at a time when the next general election was in a years time, so the Aliens Bill was put back into the Parliament in 1905, and this time the Liberals also never stood in its way as they knew a new law be popular. On 10 August 1905 the bill became law, however if the immigrant is seeking admission to avoid prosecution or punishment on religious or political grounds, permission to enter shall not be refused on the ground that he does not have enough money or will be a burden on others. An extract from the Aliens Act (1905) The conservatives lost the election in 1906, and so the Liberal Home Secretaries operated the law. To start with many immigrants were sent back as they failed to state things which would grant them entry, therefore the number of Jews coming to Britain fell until 1909. However after 1909 the figure of immigrants returned back to the normal figure of 5000 a year. Many Jews welcomed the act or refused to condemn it. The Jews who had just immigrated t6o the East End of London reacted in much the same way as they feared overcrowding and competition of work. The Anglo-Jewish community had stated that the Jews settling in one place would bring attention to their dress, language and manner. They also warned that in fifteen years time the progeny of todays refugees would be the great bulk of Englands population, and therefore bring shame to the community. To deal with this prospect the education of the children of the Immigrated Jews was encouraged. The leaders of the Jewish community were very anxious and supportive in the fist world war. In the last ten years of the nineteenth century a new movement was put into action called Zionism, this was in favour to gain a Jewish homeland. The favoured place for this was in the ancestral Jewish home, Palestine. However the Anglo-Jewish community opposed the idea of a homeland as they never wanted all their relationships with the British to be gone down the drain. They wanted to be seen as a community loyal to the British and religious not as a people without a homeland. In 1917 the British army invaded Palestine which was then under Turkish rule. The British government issued a statement that broadly supported the creation of a homeland. At t6he same time the British issued another statement which promised the Arabs inde3pendence from the Turks. This was to win the support of the Jews in America and to involve America in the war. Empty promises were also made to the Arabs to involve them in the war too on Britains side. From 1914, the anti-German hysteria that swept the country did not distinguish between Jew and German. Criticism to the Jewish immigrants centred on how many of the new immigrants joined up to fight. The Anglo-Jewish wanted to fight for their new country. Press reports of Russian Jews moving from London to the countryside to avoid the Zeppelin raids added to prejudice towards the Jews. The Balfour Declaration brought attention to Zionism in Britain which made people believe that the Jews were ungrateful to their adapted country Britain. The Russian Revolution also helped form the views of the British against the Jewish immigrants and were portrayed by the newspaper as communists. The Aliens Restrictions Act was passed in 1914 which as a result had a huge influence on Jewish immigrants. Zionism was too now weakened whilst prejudice against the Jews increased. Using the powers of 1919 almost all the poor working-class immigrants went to decline. In the 1920s many Jews had now gained a higher position within the British society and were a more prosperous community. Due to this prosperity the Jews now started to move out of the East end of London. As Britain saw the beginning of the Depression years one Labour Politician was Sir Oswald Mosley. He resigned from Labour in 1930 as many of his ideas of how to solve the problem of unemployment were rejected. He set up his own new party in 1931 known as the New Party. Mosley, in 1932 created the British Union Fascists (BUF). Mosley saw the socialists and the communists as a danger. Mosley also enjoyed support from the Daily Mirror owner, Lord Rothermere, through which he made sure that it reported favourably of the BUF. In the beginning the BUF were not anti-Semitic, but later in 1934 the BUF policy changed and now Jewish people were no longer allowed to be members of the BUF. Throughout the year 1934 Jewish people were attacked and provoked. The Jews were all advised not to do anything against the law thus not to be seen as lawbreakers. On 4 October 1936 the BUF planned a march through the East End of London and planned to listen to Mosley speak at intervals. Jewish Trade Unionists and communists arranged a blockade to the march with barricades. As a result the BUF had to abandon the march from the Tower of London to Victoria Park in Hackney. Immediately after the event of Cable Street, support for the BUF grew. However in the long term the BUF were in decline. Mosleys attempts to try and stir up violence towards the Jews were much criticised. The Government tried to stop this by passing the Incitement to Disaffection Act in November 1934 and a new public Order Act in 1936 which affected the holding of marches. However the BUF did not win any local or general election seats and as a result Mosley was imprisoned from 1940 to 1943. The event of Cable Street showed that there were divisions among the Jews themselves as thousands of working-class Jews rejected the calls of their leaders to stay off the streets. This event also proved that extreme parties were also a threat to law and order, and as a result was acted quickly to in order to stop their influence. In 1945 when the Second World War ended, Europe had changed. Millions of people had lost their homes etc. Towns and cities were devastated. Countries in Eastern Europe were taken over by the communist government with very different ideas about equality and freedom to those governments in the West. Many people in Eastern Europe did not want to live under a communist government. As a result of these wars millions of people became refugees. Many people were already in Britain when the war ended. After Hitler invaded Poland many Poles left Poland and many came to Britain, and some came to Britain only to fight against Germany. When Poland became communist in 1945, many of the Poles decided to stay in Britain. Some of the refugees from Europe came to Britain in search of a new life and were welcomed by the British as Britain needed to be re-built after the devastation of the war. Large numbers of workers were needed especially in mining, engineering, agriculture, transport and building. This was due to many British men and women being killed, injured etc. During the war many women were encouraged to work but after were encouraged to stay at home. This meant that more workers were needed to replace them. Britain was made worse by many British people moving to the Old Common Wealth countries. During the Second World War the British Empire was very important in the war, as these people had raw materials, people industries etc. After the Second World War, these people from British colonies were encouraged to come to settle in Britain. This was because Britains post war labour shortage could not be solved by refugees alone. British companies advertised in the New Commonwealth Countries for workers. All citizens of the British colonies were given the right to settle in Britain. Almost one quarter of the worlds population was allowed to settle in Britain due to its great empire. In 1948 the British Nationality Act was passed which gave citizens of the British colonies and of the commonwealth equal rights of citizenship in Britain as those people who had been born and bread in Britain. After the second World War many Caribbeans emigrated to Britain. This was partly because they had fought for this country and others were just curious to see the land they had fought for. At first immigration from the Caribbean to Britain was slow but soon after a hurricane in Jamaica in 1951 immigration increased. Another cause of the rise in immigration was that the USA had set strict rules on immigration from the Caribbean and so people who wanted to migrate had to look for other options of where to migrate to. Many people who lived in cities were well paid and did not want to do jobs like cleaning etc and so immigrants from the colonies were encouraged to do this type of work. Many West Indians were welcomed as nurses and the Caribbeans settled in Britain and so the later arrivals were mainly wives, children and parents of those people who had settled in Britain. Britain was portrayed to these people who migrated to Britain as being the mother-country, kind, caring and powerful. Upon migrating, many of these people were surprised to see the amount of filth and dirt in Britain. Britain was not as wealthy as they had expected. However people who had come to Britain to fight in the Second World War were welcomed warm heartedly, but on the other hand when these people returned to Britain due to labour shortages, the treatment they received was completely contradictory to what they had received at the Second World War. When Queen Victoria came to throne, Britain had the smallest empire with the least territory. Queen Victorias death however, left behind a greater territory approximately ruling 500 million people. British ideas were of being superior to any other race, thus inferior. Britain used adverts to target many people and to spread its ideas of unity and loyalty to the people of Britain. Between 1945 and 1968, important changes were made to who had the right of citizenship in Britain. The rights of citizenship had been restricted by 1968. The changes happened partly because of racist attitudes and partly due to changing economic changes. Since the Second World War the pattern of migration into and out of Britain has changed. This has been due to changes in the law, wars, abuses of human rights, poverty, famine, and the formation of the European Union. Since 1990 the rights of refugees and asylum seekers in Britain have also changed and become a controversial political issue. There was less immigration after the Second World War of the British citizenships had been born in the colonies of commonwealth. The British Nationality Act and the immigration Laws made it difficult to enter Britain. However immigration from the European Union was allowed however immigration from poor undeveloped countries such as the Caribbean were not allowed to set work permits in Britain. Overtime people had come to Britain as refugees and also left in search of refuge such as the Jews. Nevertheless, people have migrated to Britain due top wars in their own countries leaving millions of people homeless, in search of jobs, famine in their homelands, in search of a better life, education, medication, for marriage purposes, persecution in their country and some have also come to Britain as refugees and even as asylum seekers. In conclusion, the reasons for the entry of millions of people into Britain during the years from 1880 to the recent day are extremely complicated, revolving around a complex of economic, political. Short term, underlying and personal push and pull factors. The immigration of any individual minority includes a set of factors peculiar to itself. In some cases, such as the mid-nineteenth century, Irish push factors played an overwhelming role, as the famine literally forced the people off the land. However the geographical proximity of Britain and the open door policy towards immigration played a fundamental role in attracting the Irish. The potato crop failed completely and one million Irish died of disease starvation. As a result about 200,000 people emigrated, about half of them to Britain. Between 1870 and 1914 over 200,000 Jewish people arrived in Britain. Most of these Jews lived in East London where living conditions were bad. It was easy for them to fin d work (for untrained people e.g. clothing and furniture) but were low paid and worked long hours. Yet many Jews visited the synagogue and were free to practice their religion. The entry of immigrants to Britain did not happen steadily but in waves. Some periods had more immigrants flooding into Britain than others. The media have recognised that Britain has become a multi society and presents some positive images of Blacks and Asians. People of Asian origin have become the most successful businessmen in Britain. In short, there have been both continuities and new developments in the history of immigrant minorities in Britain before and after 1945. Because of the more complete documentation after 1945, we can form a fuller picture of the contemporary situation. However, we can make the following assertions for the whole course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. First, Britain has witnessed for a complex of reasons, the constant entry of a wide variety of immigrants, who have played an important role in the development of the economy. Second, these groups have varied in size, social composition, and gender make-up, but they are part of British capitalist class society, not distinct from it. Finally, ethnicity has developed to a great extent, especially amongst larger minorities. However, as a different view, in conclusion, I also say that social scientists have found it very difficult to explain one of the most popular methods of explanation is to use a push pull model which distinguishes between the push of economic necessity in the migrants home society and the pull of opportunity from abroad. The difficulty with this approach is that it obscures the inherent complexity of population movements and, as some critics have pointed out, it often treats the subjects as if they were automatons reacting to forces beyond their control. Ceri Peach, in his study of West Indian migration to Britain (1968), warns against relying too much on push determinism. The movements he describes did not take place during periods of economic depression in the Caribbean and they were not correlated to high rates of population growth. Peach concludes that there is strong evidence for the view that (West Indian) migration was reacting not to internal conditions, but to a sing external stimulus namely the demand for labour in Britain (1968:93). This conclusion might be satisfactory if one wishes to leave the analysis of the highest levels of abstraction, but the migrants themselves rarely accept generalisations of this nature. Furthermore, other Historians have clearly demonstrated that it is impossible to categorise all of the relevant factors as either push or pull.

SMS or a MESS Essay -- miscellaneous

SMS or a 'MESS' As the technology is breeding over, mobile services and its application has entered day-to-day bustle. Once a luxury has become an acute inevitability. The positive influence is that it is affordable, best means of communication and contact, messaging service, encompassing range and its shape & size. All is fine until it knocks our door heavily. But, irony is that we use the technology not because of its adequacy. Instead our dimensions are diminishing and degrading with the way we are bestowing it. As you can see the above conversation, none of the words are complete except "Hi", and some of them seem to be senseless. Its a cruel truth that SMS-Short Messaging Service is growing from Short to Shorter and Shorter to Shortest. And what are we conceding in all this is a big question. What triggered me to write all this were two scenarios. a)My tutor during a conversation said an examination answer sheet comprised of some short forms that are used in SMS. b)After this, I kept watching all the mails I receive and some of the chat sessions I had with my family and friends. If we could provoke further, the results are alarming. An examination paper with short terms instead of formal, complete answers and our normal day-to-day conversations are no more in complete forms. 'SMS' was the term introduced for the mobile services with restricted display. But, what is actually stopping us in using the complete, sensible, flawless and meaningful sentences a...

Plato and Gettier on Knowledge Essay

Plato in one of his most famous earliest dialogue Meno tried to provide a new way of explaining how we humans ‘acquire’ knowledge. The common notion of the ancient Greeks and even to our times on how we acquire knowledge is the characteristic of knowledge to be taught and learned. Knowledge in a sense is an outside entity that resides outside ourselves. We learn outside of ourselves through our environment or other people that try to teach us. However, the events and flow of discussion in Meno had convinced Plato to provide a new framework that will be able to discuss how we acquire knowledge. Plato’s basic discussion says that knowledge acquisition is more in fact a matter of recollection rather than learning. We acquire knowledge and ideas from the inside of ourselves and not through the lessons outside ours. Plato rooted this from the belief of the priest and diviners and even philosophers to the immortality of the soul. The soul had existed since time immemorial making it able to know everything it needs to know. Whatever knowledge and ideas had already been embedded on the soul because of immortal existence. However, as the soul transfer from one body to another body because of the mortality of the human body, Plato argued that as the body withers and dies, all the knowledge are forgotten and put into background. From here, Plato would argue for the knowledge acquisition to be a matter of recollection and remembering of the knowledge and ideas already possessed by the soul. Plato believed that whatever we know is a recollected and remembered idea of the soul’s former existence. This concept was explained by Socrates to Meno with the help of Meno’s slave. Socrates called the slave and asked some questions regarding geometry and the measurement of some shapes. Socrates tried to ask some questions that direct the slave to answer them rightfully. It is important to note the slave is uneducated in the classical sense. However, through Socrates’ questions, he managed to enable to direct the slave towards right answers. This had help to prove to Meno that the soul already possessed the knowledge and opinions about everything. For Plato, this knowledge can be accessed by examining ourselves and with yourself or someone asking the right questions that will redirect you to the knowledge and ideas inside your soul. Knowledge is defined in its justification, truth and being a belief. After discussing the nature of knowledge and how we can acquire it, Socrates and Meno moved on to discuss to define opinion and its relevance on the affairs of man. The task is simple, to define opinion (true opinion) and to contrast it to knowledge. Primarily, Socrates acknowledged the role of a good opinion in the human affairs. He did not disregard it completely but rather understand its use in some cases. In fact, he acknowledges the inclination of virtuous men to rely on their true opinion to do good things. However, Socrates clearly undermines opinion; even they are good when it is contrasted to knowledge. For Plato, an opinion does not last long and easily withers in contrast to knowledge that has the capability to last eternally. The main difference lies on the presence of a rationality and grounds on knowledge and its absence of an n opinion. He used the example of a statue. He stated that the statue with that is tied in a good foundation will be able to last longer compare to a statue that is not tied. For Socrates, though an opinion can produce the same awe to an observer, it is a natural tendency for humans to ask the question of why and how. These questions cannot be answered by an opinion because of its absence of ground. In this sense, knowledge exceeds an opinion. This definition of knowledge that is characterized by Plato which is defined as a justified true belief had dominated from the ancient Greeks up to the mid-late 20th century. The general belief that knowledge for it to be referred as knowledge must be able to satisfy three basic characteristics, which is (1) justification (2) truth (3) belief was questioned by Edmund Gettier’s paper entitled â€Å"Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? †. This short paper that had managed to provide a doubt to the long tradition in epistemology that considers knowledge to be a justified true belief. Edmund Gettier provided to two cases or examples will put in to question the long era of this ancient belief. He presented a case in which the three conditions are present namely justification, truth, belief yet unable to be count as knowledge because of the play of other factors. In Gettier’s examples which were referred as Gettier’s cases, the three criteria were only made possible by some elements of luck and chance which clearly invalidate it to be knowledge. This put an ‘end’ to a long tradition of considering knowledge by the virtue of three elements of justification, truth and belief. Though the paper of Gettier did not provide an alternative view or solution to his problem, responses on his paper can be summarized to the attempts of many philosophers to look or find out for the fourth criteria that will make the definition of knowledge. Works Cited Plato. Grube G. M. A. (trans) Cooper, John (rev) Five dialogues. 2002. Hacket Publishing Company Inc. IN. Print Gettier. Edmund. Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? Web.

Rene Descartes Essay

It is a well-established fact in various literatures in philosophy that Rene Descartes pioneered the modern philosophy tradition. He was the first one who veered away from philosophic tradition that uses Christian faith as the backbone of philosophizing such that of the minds of the medieval philosophers. Rene Descartes’ main philosophical thesis is derived from his famous approach of methodological skepticism or metaphysical doubt. In this regard, he seeks to arrive at a set of principles that will then lead him to prove the truth without generating any doubt. According to his thesis, those things that can be doubted should not be considered as genuine knowledge. Consequently those that cannot be doubted in any respect can be the foundation of genuine knowledge. There is a single principle that he uses as the foundation of his philosophy namely the thought exists. Given that a thought cannot be separated from a any person who thinks, then, the thinking person exists. It is in this simplistic manner that we can come to know and, hence, verify our existence. If a person doubts his existence and, since, nobody can deny the fact that doubting is just another act of thinking, then (by so doing the doubting), the person is in a way asserting his own existence. The very act of doubting your own existence is a proof that you exist. The nature of mind in his writings can be seen to have a distinct function which is to think. It is an indivisible, non-extended thing. But to better understand his propositions in reference to the mind, we must take into account his proposed mind and body problem. The non-thinking thing, he states, is the body. It is a divisible, extended thing and a material substance that suggests spatial extendedness. The mind and body can so exist independently of each other and while any person can doubt of his own body, he can never doubt his own mind – the thinking thing. It is through apprehension of the necessary existence which is embodied in the clear and distinct idea of the supremely perfect being that we can so acquire knowledge of God. He holds his view that the necessary existence cannot be disconnected to the essence of the supremely perfect being (God) without any form of contradiction. Moreover, the existence of God is indeed conspicuous and self-evident according to his thesis. The cause that contains much of a reality that the object of the idea has is God. The God put the idea of something that exists clearly and distinctly in our minds. The idea of something draws its reality from the cause. God’s existence is, for Descartes, the most basic mathematical truth. For any person to arrive at genuine knowledge, one has to know the distinction between impulses that lead one to believe and insights to necessary truths. The former implies that it cannot be doubted whereas the latter cannot be doubted at all. The latter are the principles in our minds by which we acquire knowledge. We must also consider where the errors are coming from in our epistemological pursuit. God, according to him, can never lead people to deception and if only people will use their abilities that they received from God, there will be no chance for any faults. But since people do not easily stay in the narrow realm of truth because of the clashing interests of the will and intellect, people fail to recognize sound judgments. Senses should not be relied upon (in searching for a genuine knowledge); for they only serve confused notions of matter. Sense perceptions are the results of the body’s influence in the mind not from the mind’s apprehension of the necessary characteristics of matters. Rene Descartes believes that people obtain knowledge through the apprehension of the necessary attributes of beings. The physical world, for Descartes, should be visualized as a complicated machine but not in the manner of using our bodily perceptions; rather by the way it is cognized in mathematical terms. The idea that philosophy should have an exact method like that of the natural science of first came from Franz Brentano. Franz Brentano is known because of his works in philosophy of psychology and his reintroduction of the concept of intentionality. Unlike Rene Descartes, Brentano does not use the idea of God in his philosophy and his explanations concerning his theses. Intentionality, according to his writings, can be summed up into the relationship of mental phenomena (consciousness) and the physical phenomena, that is, every single mental phenomena or any psychological act has content and is directed towards an object (intentional object). To signify the status of the object of thoughts in the mind, Franz Brentano uses the term â€Å"intentional inexistence†. The mental phenomenon has the capacity to be intentional, thus it can have an intentional object that the physical phenomenon does not have the ability of generating of. Physical phenomenon is deficit of the ability of generating original intentions but can assist in the progress of intentional relationship in a second-hand manner called derived intentionality. On the other hand, Franz Brentano states that a mental phenomenon is not dependent on the actual existence of an object to be able to form a quasi-relation to it. It should be noted that a thing that does not exist literally in the physical world can be an intentional object of a mental phenomenon. There are criteria to differentiate mental phenomena from physical phenomena. The three most important among those are (1) the exclusive object of inner perception is the mental phenomena, (2) mental phenomena appear as unity and (3) they are directed to an object with a certain degree of intentionality. Mental acts do not necessary have duration. When we are directed towards an object, the object does not vanish from our consciousness for it remains present but just in an altered state. On the contrary, this is not about the act of remembering per se but rather a kind of memory that keeps â€Å"what had been experienced† lively. In the epistemological sense, Franz Brentano states that all knowledge should be from direct experiences that entails the use of first person pronoun, â€Å"I†. However, this should not be confused in the idea that Brentano is upholding the standard of empirical science nowadays. He is introducing here another of approach of performing psychology from an empirical standpoint. This means that those things that one directly experiences in inner perception must be described using the first-person point of view. This then inaugurates another brand of empiricism. Resembling the idea of Descartes, Brentano maintains the idea that perception is erroneous and it could not lead us to de facto existence of the perceived world which could be just an illusion. Moreover, he believes that we can find absolute certainty in our inner perception. Just like the problem that we can see in Descartes disapproval of the use of bodily senses in approaching knowledge, we cannot deem Brentano’s ideas compatible to the tenets of natural science and its course of experimentations. Reality for Franz Brentano does not reside on the perceived world. As what has been mentioned above, the perceived world can only be an illusion and to properly combat this possible error in our judgment (if we only rely on our senses), we must put in higher regard our introspection of our inner perception. Following Franz Brentano’s concept of intentionality, Edmund Husserl has formulated another version of the study of the structure of consciousness and its corresponding acts. There is a remarkably similar ideas perpetuating from Brentano’s ideas to that of Husserl notion of the consciousness or the mind. The consciousness acts intentionally toward an intentional object. Consciousness then is always directed toward something, whatever that something is. But then again, the concepts that these two philosophers individually present do not resemble each others in all aspects. Edmund Husserl proposes that there is a need in pointing out the differences between the act of consciousness and the phenomena at which the act is intentionally directed. We must know the object-in-itself, transcendent to consciousness. Phenomenology does not displace the notion that objects are indeed real but it puts these objects under the method of â€Å"bracketing† just so to regard the object as it is and not merely that of the object’s features. It also seeks to pinpoint the constant features that define how objects are perceived. In a phenomenological standpoint, the object is not regarded based on its external features, it is not its â€Å"aboutness† that is being scrutinized, it is the object-in-itself. It is not, therefore, in the business of phenomenology to assume the existence of anything. It is a discipline that means to describe the things in themselves. Edmund Husserl gives a little significance to the perennial metaphysical problem of setting up the whole foundation of material reality of what we constantly perceive. The task of a philosopher, for him, is to look at essences of things. The knowledge of essences can only be attained by not letting the assumptions of an external world interfere in epistemological pursuit. This is â€Å"bracketing† that is entailed in the procedure called epoche. It is through constant act of varying the object in our imagination that we can then arrive at the essences of that object. Husserl’s notion of natural standpoint is marked by a certain belief that there are objects that materially exist and that their properties and characteristics are exhibited by them that we then perceive. He declares that mental and spiritual (mind) realities are not the same. These two different concepts are independent of any kind of physical evidences. The above paragraph implies that the natural science, in Husserl’s philosophy, is also in a problematic seat just like the problem we see in Descartes and Brentano’s philosophy. The true knowledge is not attainable in the realm of empirical observation however there is rationality involved. The â€Å"brand† of reality that these three philosophers advertise is the reality that we cannot grasp in the physical world. Reality does not have a place in the realm of the senses.

Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia

Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia Introduction The concept of beauty has been known to differ amongst nations and one community’s idea of beauty may not necessarily be the same for another. This difference in perceptions is what makes human life as intriguing as it is. With regard to beauty, most of the differences that are exhibited from community to community are as a result of the variances in cultures.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Tjale and De Villers, culture comprises of a system of shared ideas, concepts, rules and meaning that shapes peoples way of life and it stipulates how the society should experience and view the world and relate to it (31). The people of the Middle East and Saudi Arabia in particular exhibit especially interesting concepts of beauty. These perceptions of beauty are as a result of Saudi Arabian citizen’s cultural and religious way of life which plays a primary role in the country’s affairs. While there is no universally acceptable standard of beauty, beauty pageants try to come evaluate people on a standard that is acceptable to the local community. These being the case, Saudi Arabian beauty contests offer us a glimpse at the perception of beauty in the Middle East. This paper shall set out to analysis issues of beauty in the Middle East and in particular Saudi Arabia. The principles that govern the perceptions of beauty shall be discussed and examples given to reinforce the claims made. Beauty Pageants and Saudi Arabia In modern day society, beauty pageants are used to rate the beauty in females. These pageants consist of a number of contestants and judges who evaluate the relative beauty of the participants based on some preconceived standards of beauty. From this evaluations, one of the participants is crowned as the â€Å"most beautiful† or ‘most handsome†. The motivation be hind beauty pageants are probably from views expressed by proponents of beauty pageants such as Paglia who affirms that we should not have to apologize for reveling in beauty as beauty is an eternal human value (qtd in Lawson and Ross 1). These pageants therefore involve the public parading of the members of the society who are perceived to be the most beautiful. Most of the contests proceed to reward this particular people for their outstanding beauty. It is therefore clear from this that pageants reveal a particular societies notion of beauty. Pageants do not have a traditional history in Saudi Arabia and as such, they are more as a result of influences from the international community than any other single factor. This is because from generation to generation, cultural practices are bound to change as time and environment influences manifest themselves in the lives of the people in the society.Advertising Looking for article on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, the pageants witnessed in Saudi Arabia borrow heavily from the western ones in terms of judges and there being set standards from which the overall champion will be chosen. However, despite the beauty pageants being primarily a â€Å"foreign† concept, they still maintain some aspects which make them resound with Saudi Principles. Animal Beauty Contests Despite its vast wealth mostly obtained from its oil reserves and the high levels of industrialization, Saudi Arabia has for many years resisted the pressures of the western cultures and it was not until the 2000s that the first beauty pageant was held in Saudi Arabia. This pageant was not the typical western pageants characterized by a parade of beautiful girls adorned in trendy clothes and exquisite jewelry; the pageants contestants were animals. While this may sound like an anomaly, it is well in line with the regions conservative nature and refrain of beauty contests. A report by Othman on Islamic perceptions of beauty pageants elucidates the view with which most Saudi Arabians view contemporary beauty pageants as showcased in most westernized countries. According to the report, most Muslims did not condone beauty contests which they regarded as exploitative to women and reduce them as sexual objects.† However, a contest involving animals is acceptable and actually in line with the country’s traditions. A report by Hammond for Reuters indicates that animal contests, and camel beauty pageants in particular are very popular in Saudi Arabia. The camel beauty contest attracts hundreds of camel owners and thousand of spectators and it is the biggest of its kind in the world (Borthwick). These contests include all the components that you would expect in a typical beauty contest; judges, participants and a crowd to cheer them on. The organizers of such pageants indicate that the pageant is in reverence to the camel which i s a legacy symbol for the desert tribes. Owing to the fact that Saudi Arabia is situated in a desert region, the tradition communities who resided in the region were mostly nomads and camels were a most essential part of their lives. It is these creatures that provided the means for transportation over the vast expanses of the desert owing to their ability to go for days without water or food. However, the contests are not entirely run for sentimental purposes and there are huge monetary attachments to the events. The contests are also used to generate cash for their respective investors much like a typical beauty contest made up of women would anywhere else in the world. Hammond confirms that camels are big business and delicate females at the show could sell for a million riyals.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to the sale of the animal s, Prizes of up to 14 million Euros have been said to be issued out to the winners of the particular categories in which the camels are placed (the observer). These huge monetary incentives have invariably led to a commercialization of the contests and wealthy businessmen have been said to invest heavily in the festivals because of the high returns promised. Saudi Arabia’s Miss Beautiful Morals For all its conservativeness, Saudi Arabia has its own version of a female beauty contest. Considering the great lengths that the country goes to ensure the segregation of men and women, a beauty contest is a remarkable undertaking for the country. A law that proposed a ban on male from womens apparel stores highlights the strict nature of the laws in Saudi Arabia (Abu-Nasr). As such, a beauty pageant that inevitably involves a mixed audience observing the various participants is a groundbreaking event in the country. However, this contest is unlike any other. To begin with, the contes t is duped Miss Beautiful Morals setting the virtuous tone that the contest adopts (Central). The standards for these unique Saudi contests are worlds apart from those that a typical beauty contest uses. Without a doubt, most beauty contests lay more emphasis on physical factors such as youthfulness and body proportionality as can be surmised from the reveling cloths and seductive manner in which the contestants act as they display their bodies on the catwalks. A report by the Los Angeles Times reveals that as opposed to adorning backless evening gowns and swimsuits, the 200 contestants that participated in the 2009 Saudi Arabia contest were draped in a black robe with a headscarf as is fitting of a decent Muslim girl. The aim of the contest as articulated by one of the organizers was to gauge the commitment of the participants to the Islamic morals. The contest which ran over a number of weeks involved the contestants being supervised by a panel of female judges who made inquiries as to their devotion to their parents and their following of the teachings of Islam. The founder of the contests asserted that the contests were self-styled to be an absolute opposite of â€Å"the decadence in other beauty contests that only take into account a womans body and looks (Abu-Nasr). This demonstrates the strict and religious culture adopted by the Saudi Arabians.Advertising Looking for article on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The contests emphasis on the obedience to parents also highlights the gravity with which respect for one’s parents especially by girls is held. The concept of the pageants is embraced by the participants and a former winner indicates that the joy is not so much as in winning the contests as in obeying ones parents. (Abu-Nasr). Discussion of Beauty Perceptions in the Saudi Community The Saudi Arabian society is primarily made up of Muslims who have a very strong traditional attachment to their religion. Their faith dictates the socially acceptable code of conduct for the people and on this basis, the western perception of beauty as is advanced through beauty pageants has been viewed as highly immoral and degrading to the woman. It is for this reason that the contests in the Middle East show a greater inclination to personality than to the aesthetic attributes of a woman. Dr Ahmed, a reporter with Islam on line indicated that the morally appealing contests were aimed at showing that beauty has nothing to do with nudity and obscenity. This is the exact message that the Middle East beauty pageants were trying to sell to the Muslim faithful in particular and the society at large. The pageants in Saudi Arabia are in high contrast to the Western shows as a result of the religious basis of Saudi Arabia. The Muslim beauty contests are especially strict and a contestant is not supposed to reveal any awrah which is the parts of the body which should not be exposed in front of others. (Ahmed). This suggest that to the Middle East communities, beauty is not simple a matter of being pretty but in fact goes far deeper to include character and a respect for the religion. Khadra Mubarak, the founder of the contests in Saudi Arabia reinforces this perception of beauty in the region by stating that the idea of the pageant is to measure the contestants commitment to Islamic morals he goes on to indicate that the pageant number one will not necessarily be a pretty face for the judges and by extension the community cares about the beauty of the soul and the morals† (LA-Times) Western beauty standards can be and in fact have been used as the basis for excluding minority races from the dominant images of beauty. This is especially the case in 201th century America where the concepts of beauty as advanced by Hollywood were used to infer racial superiority of the white to the blacks. With such undertones in mind, perhaps one can hail the Middle Eastern views of beauty as more progressive since they have more do to with personality that ones physical attributes However, opponents of the contents still insist that inasmuch as the Middle East pageants demonstrate the difference in perception of beauty in Saudi Arabia, the very fact that the community has embraced this western idea is an indication that the society’s views of beauty are more inline with western perceptions than the Saudi Arabian community is willing to admit. While this is a mere speculation, as it currently stands, the Saudi concepts of beauty remain worlds apart from those of most of the Western world. Conclusion This paper set out to highlight the unique concepts of beauty in the Middle East and with particular reference to the situation in Saudi Arabia. To fulfill this, a critical look at beauty pageants which highlight a particular society or culture’s standards on beauty has been taken. From this paper, it is clear that the beauty contests of Saudi Arabia are miles apart from those in Westernized Countries. Of particular significance is the importance that the people of Saudi Arabia attach to their camels as can be demonstrated by the beauty contests held in their honor. These contests highlight the desire by the Saudi Arabian community to preserve their heritage even in the face of enormous pressures from the western cultures mostly through the media. The Middle East goes contrary to the common wisdom expressed by most scholars who infer that as the prosperity of a nation increases, its greater wealth allows people to consume more leisure goods like pageantry (Lawson and Ross 6). In this region, the cultural and religious compass of the people is the driving force to their definition of beauty and while the people of Saudi Arabia have the capability to increase their cosmetic appearance, their deep religious and cultural values prevent them from undertaking this vain measures. As such, the animal contests continue to play a significant role in the social calendar of the Saudi Arabian population. Ahmen, Damir. â€Å"Brains not Body Criteria for Tatarstan Miss Muslim.† 21 January 2006. Web. islamonline.net/English/News/2006-01/21/article02.shtml Abu-Nasr, Donna. Here She Comes: Saudis Miss Beautiful Morals. 6 May 2009. Web. breitbart.com/article.php?id=D980U07G0show_article=1 Abu-Nasr, Donna. â€Å"Saudi Women Train to Sell Lingerie.† 24 June 2009. Web. huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/24/lingerie-sales-in-saudi-a _n_220174.html Borthwick, Malcolm. â€Å"How do you Judge a Camel Beauty Contest?† 10 Feb 2010. Web. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8506946.stm Hammond, Andrew. â€Å"Saudi Tribe Holds Camel Beauty Pageant.† 25 April 2007. Web. reuters.com/article/idUSKUA74812720070427. Huffington Post. â€Å"Saudi Beauty Pageant: Miss Beautiful Morals.† 5 June 2009. Web. huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/06/saudi-beauty-pageant-miss_n_198103.html Lawson, Robert and Ross, Justin. â€Å"Economic Freedom and Beauty Pageant Success in the World.† Atlantic Economic Journal 33(4): 485-486. 2005. Los Angeles Times. â€Å"Saudi Arabia: An inner-beauty Pageant.† 7 May 2009. Web. Othman, Norani. â€Å"Islam and the State in Malaysia: A Problem of Democratization and Pluralism.† 2000 Web. asef.org/go/subsite/ccd/documents/othman.pdf The Observers. â€Å"Saudi Arabias Miss Camel Contestants Accused of Fame Seeking.† 19 Feb 2010. Web. Tjale, Adele and De Villiers, Louise. à ¢â‚¬Å"Cultural Issues in Health and Health Care: A Resource Book for Southern Africa.† Juta and Company Ltd, 2004. Print.